| Researchers at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan and Accelrys have used MS Modeling's DMol3 to study the adsorption of CO on the Pt(111) surface. The study successfully showed the correct site-preference for the CO adsorption site as suggested by experiment. This finding will enable the design of better catalysts and sensors. Metal and Carbon Monoxide Interaction The interaction of CO with metal surfaces has attracted a great deal of interest because it is an important step in many surface and catalytic reactions, such as CO oxidation and hydrogenation. In particular, the adsorption of CO on Pt surfaces has attracted much attention because of the many potential applications, such as in car exhaust catalysts where it promotes the oxidation of CO to CO2. The heats of adsorption and local bonding geometries of the interaction have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. However, in studies of the CO adsorption on Pt(111), theoretical and experimental results differ. Density functional theory (DFT) predicts adsorption at the fcc-hollow site, whereas experiments reveal adsorption occurs at the atop site. Adsorption Sites Researchers at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan and Accelrys used MS Modeling's DFT code DMol3 to solve this puzzle, studying the adsorption sites shown in Figure 1. 
Figure 1. Side and top views of typical optimized adsorption structures of CO on Pt(111) for the AER-PBE calculation. Numerical values indicate adsorption energies. Discoveries Reporting in Chem. Phys. Lett. the researchers discovered: · All electron scalar relativistic (AER) calculations are essential to obtain the correct site-preference, atop followed by bridge and then hollow (fcc and hcp) · The AER calculations give a deeper Fermi level in good agreement with work function measurements for a Pt surface with all the functionals · The deeper Fermi level enables the interaction of the LUMO of CO with the metal substrate to be decreased · This effect suppresses backdonation from the metal substrate to the LUMO of CO, hence it destabilizes fcc-site, that, in turn, stabilizes the atop-site. Dr Orita, a senior research scientist at AIST, said "Since localized d-orbitals were expected to be important in the model studied, we chose to use DMol3 for this work, as it is based on localized basis sets, which is more appropriate than DFT codes based on plane wave basis sets." "As DMol3 is good at performing geometry optimization, the code enabled us to perform geometry optimization taking account of all the electrons in a system, even when running on a personal computer. Such a low computational cost of performing fast calculations is essential for the practical analyses of changing calculation parameters systematically, such as core treatment, functional, number of slab layer, k-points, and size of unit cell." | 
