Sep 21 2012
Topics Covered
IntroductionChemical CompositionPhysical PropertiesMechanical PropertiesThermal PropertiesOther DesignationsFabrication and Heat Treatment Machinability Forming Welding Heat Treatment Forging Hot working Cold working Annealing Tempering HardeningApplications
Introduction
Carbon is the main alloying element present in carbon steels. They also contain 0.4% of silicon and 1.2% of manganese. Elements such as nickel, copper, aluminium, and molybdenum are present in small traces. AISI 1095 carbon steel is brittle, and has high hardness and strength.
The following datasheet gives an overview of AISI 1095 Carbon Steel.
Chemical Composition
The following table shows the chemical composition of AISI 1095 carbon steel.
| Element |
Content (%) |
| Iron, Fe |
98.38 - 98.8 |
| Carbon, C |
0.90 - 1.03 |
| Sulfur, S |
≤ 0.050 |
| Phosphorous, P |
≤ 0.040 |
| Manganese, Mn |
0.30 - 0.50 |
Physical Properties
The physical properties of AISI 1095 carbon steel are outlined in the following table.
| Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
| Density |
7.85 g/cm3 |
0.284 lb/in³ |
| Melting point |
1515°C |
2760°F |
Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of cold drawn AISI 1095 carbon steel are outlined in the following table.
| Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
| Tensile strength |
685 MPa |
99400 psi |
| Yield strength |
525 MPa |
76100 psi |
| Bulk modulus (typical for steel) |
140 GPa |
20300 ksi |
| Shear modulus (typical for steel) |
80.0 GPa |
11600 ksi |
| Elastic modulus |
190-210 GPa |
27557-30458 ksi |
| Poisson's ratio |
0.27-0.30 |
0.27-0.30 |
| Elongation at break (in 50 mm) |
10% |
10% |
| Reduction of area |
40% |
40% |
| Hardness, Brinell |
197 |
197 |
| Hardness, Knoop (converted from Brinell hardness) |
219 |
219 |
| Hardness, Rockwell B (converted from Brinell hardness) |
92 |
92 |
| Hardness, Rockwell C (converted from Brinell hardness. Value below normal HRC range, for comparison purposes only) |
13 |
13 |
| Hardness, Vickers (converted from Brinell hardness) |
207 |
207 |
| Machinability (based on AISI 1212 steel. as 100 machinability) |
45 |
45 |
Thermal Properties
The thermal properties of AISI 1095 carbon steel are given in the following table.
| Thermal Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
| Thermal expansion co-efficient (@ 0.000-100°C/32-212°F) |
11 µm/m°C |
6.11 µin/in°F |
| Thermal conductivity (typical steel) |
49.8 W/mK |
346 BTU in/hr.ft².°F |
Other Designations
Other designations that are equivalent to AISI 1095 carbon steel include:
| AMS 5121 |
ASTM A29 (1095) |
ASTM A713 (1095) |
MIL S-7947 |
SAE J403 (1095) |
| AMS 5122 |
ASTM A510 (1095) |
ASTM A830 |
MIL S-8559 |
SAE J412 (1095) |
| AMS 5132 |
ASTM A576 (1095) |
DIN 1.1274 |
QQ S700 (C1095) |
AMS 5121C |
| AMS 7304 |
ASTM A682 (1095) |
MIL S-16788 (C10) |
SAE J1397 (1095) |
AMS 5122C |
| AMS 5132D |
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Fabrication and Heat Treatment
Machinability
The machinability rate of AISI 1095 carbon steel is 45.
Forming
AISI 1095 carbon steel can be formed using conventional techniques. It needs more force that that of the low carbon steels to perform this process.
Welding
AISI 1095 carbon steel can be welded using all welding techniques. It is pre-heated at 260 to 315°C (500 to 600°F) and post-heated at 648 to 788°C (1200 to 1450°F)
Heat Treatment
AISI 1095 carbon steel can be hardened at 899°C (1650°F). It is then quenched in oil followed by tempering. The cutting edge of cutting tools can be hardened by heating and quenching in order to maintain the toughness of the steel.
Forging
AISI 1095 carbon steel can be forged at 955 to 1177°C (1750 to 2150°F). Before performing this process, it is annealed at (1650°F) and slowly cooled in order to homogenize the steel.
Hot working
AISI 1095 carbon steel can be hot worked at 94 to 483°C (200 to 900°F)
Cold working
Cold working of AISI 1095 carbon steel needs greater force than that of the low carbon steels.
Annealing
AISI 1095 carbon steel can be annealed at 899°C (1650°F) followed by slowly cooling in the furnace.
Tempering
AISI 1095 carbon steel can be tempered at 372 to 705°C (700 to 1300°F). It has Rockwell C 55 hardness.
Hardening
AISI 1095 carbon steel can be hardened by cold working or heat treatment.
Applications
AISI 1095 carbon steel can be used in springs or cutting tools, which requires sharp cutting edges such as grass or grain cutting tools.