Volatile matter, ash, and moisture are important components used for the quality characterization of fuel materials. Volatile matter, a key component of solid fuels, is used to measure the combustion characteristics.
The ash determination is a simple method used to measure ash yields for the fuel and other calculations that involve material balance and disposal activities for ash handling and fuel utilization, respectively. Moisture, as determined by the TGA701 instrument, is used to assess the analytical results of the fuel on a dry basis.
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Sample Preparation
During sample preparation all samples have to be uniformly consistent to generate appropriate results. In general, all samples have to be ground to a <0.5 mm fineness.
Accessories
The available accessories include 529-048 Ceramic Covers, 621-331 Ceramic Crucibles, and 611-844 Spoon.
| |
|
| Sample Mass |
~1.0 g |
| Analysis Time |
~4.5 hours |
Method
Method General Parameters
| Crucible Type |
Ceramic |
| Crucible Density |
3.00 |
| Cover Density |
3.00 |
| Sample Type |
Biomass |
| Sample Density |
1.50 |
System
| Significant Digits |
F6 |
| Barometric Pressure |
760 |
| Cover Open Half |
800 |
| Cover Open Full |
450 |
| Furnace Over Temperature |
1200 |
| Increment Sample Names |
Disable |
| Crucible Locations |
Auto Find |
| Temperature Check |
False |
| Alarm on Errors |
True |
| Cover Option |
Half Open |
| Carousel Option |
Weigh Position |
| Batch Mode |
False |
| Enable Lid Dispenser |
False |
Balance
| Readability |
4 |
| Balance Environment |
Stable |
| Balance Constancy |
Absolute Weight (g) |
| Minimum Weight |
0.8 g |
| Maximum Weight |
1.2 g |
| Zero Deviation |
0.0005 |
| Retake Initial Weights |
False |
Method Step Parameters
| Parameter |
Moisture |
Volatile |
Ash |
| Covers |
No |
Yes |
No |
| Start Temp. °C |
25 |
107 |
600 |
| End Temp. °C |
107 |
950 |
750 |
| Ramp Rate |
6 |
50 |
3 |
| Ramp Time (h:m) |
0:13 |
0:16 |
0:50 |
| Hold Time (h:m) |
0:15 |
0:07 |
0:00 |
| Total Time (h:m) |
0:28 |
0:23 |
0:50 |
| Max Time (h:m) |
0:00 |
0:00 |
0:00 |
| Atmosphere |
Nitrogen |
Nitrogen |
Oxygen |
| Flow Rate |
High |
High |
Low |
| Window |
3 |
0 |
3 |
| Comparator |
0.0005 g* |
100.0000 g |
0.0005 g* |
| Final Weight |
At Constancy |
At End of Step |
At Constancy |
*Balance constancy set for Absolute Weight (grams)
Method Equation Parameters
| Moisture: |
(([Initial Mass]-[Moisture Mass])/[Initial Mass])*100 |
| Volatile: |
(([Moisture Mass]-[Volatile Mass])/[Initial Mass])*100 |
| Ash: |
([Ash Mass]/[Initial Mass])*100 |
| Volatile Dry: |
[Volatile]*(100/(100-[Moisture])) |
| Ash Dry: |
[Ash]*(100/(100-[Moisture])) |
Procedure
- Following the procedure described in the TGA701 Instruction Manual, create and/or choose a procedure with the parameters explained above
- Login and load samples following the method described in the TGA701 Instruction Manual.
Typical Results
| Sample |
Mass(g) |
% Moisture |
% Volatile Matter Dry |
% Ash Dry |
| Biomass |
1.0093 |
5.44 |
83.4 |
0.48 |
| Wood Pulp #1 |
1.0115 |
5.38 |
83.5 |
0.47 |
| |
1.0081 |
5.39 |
83.3 |
0.46 |
| |
1.0197 |
5.39 |
83.1 |
0.49 |
| |
1.0108 |
5.37 |
83.4 |
0.48 |
| |
Avg. = |
5.39v |
83.3 |
0.47 |
| |
s = |
0.03 |
0.14 |
0.01 |
| Biomass |
1.0308 |
3.32 |
83.3 |
0.34 |
| Wood Pulp #2 |
1.0151 |
3.35 |
83.5 |
0.35 |
| |
1.0366 |
3.31 |
82.8 |
0.36 |
| |
1.0389 |
3.32 |
83.2 |
0.34 |
| |
1.0475 |
3.32 |
83.5 |
0.38 |
| |
Avg. = |
3.32 |
83.3 |
0.36 |
| |
s = |
0.01 |
0.28 |
0.02 |
| Plant Tissue |
1.0072 |
6.04 |
76.5 |
8.69 |
| Alfalfa |
1.0371 |
6.13 |
76.7 |
8.75 |
| |
1.0170 |
6.04 |
76.9 |
8.63 |
| |
1.0368 |
6.06 |
76.8 |
8.72 |
| |
1.0027 |
6.21 |
76.5 |
8.77 |
| |
Avg. = |
6.09 |
76.7 |
8.71 |
| |
s = |
0.07 |
0.16 |
0.05 |
| Plant Tissue |
1.0052 |
9.17 |
79.3 |
2.13 |
| Barley |
1.0104 |
9.22 |
79.2 |
2.28 |
| |
1.0051 |
9.12 |
79.3 |
2.27 |
| |
1.0028 |
9.14 |
79.9 |
2.25 |
| |
1.0057 |
9.17 |
79.2 |
2.59 |
| |
Avg. = |
9.17 |
79.4 |
2.30 |
| |
s = |
0.04 |
0.31 |
0.17 |
Note: LECO recommends a calibration of y= 1x + 0 to be used for volatile matter determination in biomass.
This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by LECO Corporation.
For more information on this source, please visit LECO Corporation.