Sep 26 2012
Topics Covered
Introduction
Chemical Composition
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Thermal Properties
Other Designations
Fabrication and Heat Treatment
Annealing
Welding
Forging
Forming
Machinability
Hardening
Applications
Introduction
Stainless steels are known as high-alloy steels. These steels are
available in four groups that include martensitic, austenitic, ferritic
and precipitation-hardened steels. These groups are formed based on the
crystalline structure of stainless steels.
Stainless steels contain larger amounts of chromium in comparison
with other steels and thus have good corrosion resistance. Most of the
stainless steels contain about 10% of chromium.
The chromium content in grade 405 stainless steel is 12%. The
following datasheet provides an overview of grade 405 stainless steel.
Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of grade 405 stainless steel is outlined in
the following table.
| Element |
Content
(%) |
| Iron, Fe |
85 |
| Chromium, Cr |
13 |
| Manganese, Mn |
1.0 |
| Silicon, Si |
1.0 |
| Aluminum, Al |
0.2 |
| Carbon, C |
0.080 |
| Phosphorous, P |
0.040 |
| Sulfur, S |
0.030 |
Physical Properties
The following table shows the physical properties of grade 405
stainless steel.
| Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
| Density |
7.80 g/cm3 |
0.282 lb/in³ |
Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of grade 405 annealed stainless steel are
displayed in the following table.
| Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
| Tensile strength |
448 MPa |
65000 psi |
| Yield strength (@strain 0.200 %/) |
276 MPa |
40000 psi |
| Elastic modulus |
200 GPa |
29007 ksi |
| Poisson's ratio |
0.27-0.30 |
0.27-0.30 |
| Elongation at break (in 50 mm) |
25.00% |
25.00% |
| Izod Impact (@20°C/68°F) |
41.0 J |
30.2 ft-lb |
| Hardness, Brinell (converted from
Rockwell B hardness) |
131 |
131 |
| Hardness, Knoop (converted from
Rockwell B hardness) |
146 |
146 |
| Hardness, Rockwell B |
75 |
75 |
| Hardness, Vickers (converted from
Rockwell B hardness) |
140 |
140 |
Thermal Properties
The thermal properties of grade 405 stainless steel are given in the
following table.
| Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
| Thermal expansion co-efficient
(@0-100°C/32-212°F) |
10.8 µm/m°C |
6.00 µin/in°F |
| Thermal conductivity
(@0-100°C/32-212°F) |
27.0 W/mK |
187 BTU in/hr.ft².°F |
Other Designations
Equivalent materials to grade 405 stainless steel are given in the
table below.
| AISI 405 |
ASTM A176 |
ASTM A240 |
ASTM A268 |
ASTM A276 |
| ASTM A473 |
ASTM A479 |
ASTM A511 |
ASTM A580 |
ASME SA240 |
| DIN 1.4002 |
QQ S763 |
ASME SA268 |
ASME SA479 |
ASTM A314 |
| ASTM A473 |
ASTM A479 |
ASTM A511 |
SAE 51405 |
FED QQ-S-763 |
| MIL SPEC MIL.S-862 |
SAE J405 (51405) |
Fabrication and Heat Treatment
Annealing
Grade 405 stainless steel is soaked at 649-760°C (1200-1400°F) and
then cooled in air.
Welding
Shielded fusion and resistance methods are recommended for welding
grade 405 stainless steel. Oxyacetylene welding is not suitable for
this stainless steel grade. Hardening of grade 405 stainless steel is
controlled by the use of 405 Cb electrodes that contain columbium.
Ductility of 405 stainless steel is maximized by post weld annealing.
Forging
Grade 405 stainless steel is soaked at 817-871°C (1500-1600°F) and
the temperature is then increased to 1038-1121°C (1900-2050°F). Forging
below 816°C (1500°F) is not recommended for this stainless steel grade.
Forging is followed by air cooling and finally annealing.
Forming
Usage of forming techniques enable grade 405 stainless steel to be
easily spun, drawn and formed.
Machinability
Standard methods are used to carry out the machiniability process
for grade 405 stainless steel.
Hardening
Grade 405 stainless steel can be hardened by soaking at 982-1010°C
(1800-1850°F) and then oil quenched.
Applications
Grade 405 stainless steel is used in quenching racks, annealing
boxes, partitions, steam nozzles and various other fabrications that
cannot be annealed after welding.