AISI 1020 Carbon Steel (UNS G10200)

Topics Covered

Introduction
Chemical Composition
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Thermal Properties
Other Designations
Fabrication and Heat Treatment
     Machinability
     Forming
     Welding
     Heat Treatment
     Forging
     Hot Working
     Cold Working
     Annealing
     Tempering
     Hardening
Applications

Introduction

Carbon steels is a category of steel, which contains 0.12 to 2% carbon. This steel category gains hardness and strength with heat treatment when the percentage of carbon content increases but the ductility is reduced.

AISI 1020 carbon steel is a commonly used plain carbon steel. It has a good combination of strength and ductility and can be hardened or carburized.

The following sections will discuss in detail about AISI 1020 carbon steel.

Chemical Composition

The chemical composition of AISI 1020 carbon steel is outlined in the following table.

Element Content (%)
Manganese, Mn 0.30-0.60
Carbon, C 0.18-0.23
Sulfur, S 0.05 (max)
Phosphorous, P 0.04 (max)
Iron, Fe Balance

Physical Properties

The physical properties of AISI 1020 carbon steel are tabulated below.

Properties Metric Imperial
Density 7.87 g/cm3 0.284 lb/in3

Mechanical Properties

The following table shows mechanical properties of cold rolled AISI 1020 carbon steel.

Properties Metric Imperial
Tensile strength 420 MPa 60900 psi
Yield strength 350 MPa 50800 psi
Modulus of elasticity 205 GPa 29700 ksi
Shear modulus (typical for steel) 80 GPa 11600 ksi
Poisson’s ratio 0.29 0.29
Elongation at break (in 50 mm) 15% 15%
Hardness, Brinell 121 121
Hardness, Knoop (converted from Brinell hardness) 140 140
Hardness, Rockwell B (converted from Brinell hardness) 68 68
Hardness, Vickers (converted from Brinell hardness) 126 126
Machinability (based on AISI 1212 steel. as 100 machinability) 65 65

Thermal Properties

The thermal properties of cold rolled AISI 1018 carbon steel are given in the following table.

Properties Metric Imperial
Thermal conductivity 51.9 W/mK 360 BTU in/hr.ft2.°F
Thermal expansion co-efficient (@0.000-100°C/32-212°F) 11.7 µm/m°C 6.50 µm/m°C

Other Designations

Other designations that are equivalent to AISI 1018 carbon steel include the following.

AMS 5054 AMS 5045C SAE J1397 ASTM A513 (MT 1020) ASTM A512 (1020, MT 1020)
AMS 5045 AMS 5032B SAE J412    
AFNOR CC 20 AMS 5032 SAE J403 MIL S-11310 (CS 1020) ASTM A29
SS 1450 AMS 5046 SAE J414 ASTM A830 MIL S-7952
DIN 1.0402 B.S. 070 M 20 ASTM A635 ASTM A787 (MT 1020) MIL S-16788
UNI C 20 B.S. 040 A 20 ASTM A827 ASTM A794 ASTM A108
MIL T-3520 ASTM A510 ASTM A519 ASTM A544 ASTM A575
ASTM A576

ASTM A659







Fabrication and Heat Treatment

Machinability

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Machinability of AISI 1020 carbon steel is good at 65% compared to AISI 1112 carbon steel.

Forming

It is easy to form AISI 1020 carbon steel using all the conventional methods as this alloy is highly ductile.

Welding

AISI 1020 carbon steel can be welded easily using all of the traditional methods.

Heat Treatment

AISI 1020 carbon steel can be hardened by heating between 815- 871°C (1500 - 1600°F), which should be followed by water quenching. Then it should be tempered.

Forging

AISI 1020 carbon steel should be forged at 1260°C (2300°F) down to 982°C (1800°F).

Hot Working

AISI 1020 carbon steel can be hot worked in the range of 482 to 649°C (900 to 1200°F).

Cold Working

Cold working AISI 1020 carbon steel is possible using all the conventional methods. In case of prolonged cold working, it is recommended that stress relief annealing be carried out.

Annealing

Complete annealing of this alloy can be achieved between 871-982°C (1600 to 1800°F) followed by slow furnace cooling. This will provide the alloy with a tensile strength of about 65 ksi. A stress relief annealing can be performed if required at 538°C (1000°F).

Tempering

Tempering should be followed by heat treatment and quenching at 315 to 538°C (600 to 1000°F) based on the strength level required. For example 538°C (1000°F) temper provides the alloy with a tensile strength of 90 ksi.

Hardening

AISI 1020 carbon steel can be hardened by cold working and by heat treatment, quenching and tempering.

Applications

AISI 1020 carbon steel is used for simple structural applications such as cold headed bolts. It is commonly used in the case hardened condition.

The other applications of this alloy are as follows:

  • Pins
  • Shafts
  • Chains
  • Lightly stressed gears
  • Hard wearing surfaces
  • Case hardened components where core strength is not essential.

Comments

  1. sohan lal sohan lal India says:

    I would like to know the tensile value that is given is the Max or min value..Pls clarify it

  2. Ifan Ardhy R Ifan Ardhy R Indonesia says:

    is the same steel ST 40 with AISI 1015?

The opinions expressed here are the views of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of AZoM.com.

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