Jul 4 2013
Topics Covered
Introduction
Chemical Composition
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Thermal Properties
Other Designations
Fabrication and Heat Treatment
Machinability
Forming
Forging
Welding
Annealing
Hot Working
Cold Working
Applications
Introduction
Super alloys were designed with the primary aim of providing high performance at elevated temperatures. According to the Haynes International Annual Report 2007, approximately 38.5 billion pounds per annum of supper alloys are produced.
Super alloy Ametek 899L is a commercially pure (99%) wrought nickel alloy. Although pure, this alloy does contain small quantities of other elements totaling less than 1%.
The following sections will discuss in detail about super alloy Ametek 899L.
Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of Ametek 899L is outlined in the following table.
|
Element |
Content (%) |
|
Iron, Fe |
0.4 max |
|
Manganese, Mn |
0.35 max |
|
Silicon, Si |
0.35 max |
|
Copper, Cu |
0.25 max |
|
Carbon, C |
0.15 max |
|
Sulfur, S |
0.01 max |
|
Nickel, Ni |
Remainder |
Physical Properties
The physical properties of Ametek 899L are tabulated below.
|
Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
|
Density |
8.88 g/cm3 |
0.321 lb/in3 |
|
Melting point |
1453 °C |
2647 °F |
Mechanical Properties
The following table shows mechanical properties of Ametek 899L (annealed high purity nickel strip).
|
Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
|
Tensile strength |
345 - 400 MPa |
50000 - 58000 psi |
|
Yield strength |
103 - 138 MPa |
14900 - 20000 psi |
|
Poisson’s ratio |
0.31 |
0.31 |
|
Elongation at break |
40 - 45 % |
40 - 45 % |
|
Hardness, Rockwell B |
≤ 46 |
≤ 46 |
|
Hardness, Vickers |
64 - 90 |
64 - 90 |
Thermal Properties
The thermal properties of Ametek 899L (annealed high purity nickel strip).
|
Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
|
Thermal conductivity (@70°C/158°F) |
86 W/mK |
597 BTU in/hr.ft².°F |
Other Designations
Equivalent materials to Ametek 899L are listed below:
-
ASTM B160
-
ASTM B161
-
ASTM B162
-
ASTM B163
-
ASTM B366
-
ASTM B725
-
ASTM B730
-
DIN 2.4060
-
DIN 2.4066
Fabrication and Heat Treatment
Machinability
Ametek 899L can be machined using standard tooling. Commercially pure nickel is soft and gummy to machine. High-speed-steel tools are recommended rather than carbide tooling. Care should be taken to maintain a high positive rake angle on cutting tools.
Forming
Ametek 899L can be formed using all the traditional methods applied for plain carbon steel; however more power is required for forming nickel.
Forging
Forging can be performed at 1232-926°C (2250-1700°F).
Welding
Welding of Ametek 899L can be performed using all the traditional welding methods especially shielded metal-arc, gas tungsten-arc and gas metal-arc welding methods. Nickel filler wire or electrodes should be used.
Annealing
Annealing can be ideally performed at 815°C (1500°F). However it can also be done within 926 and 704°C (1700 and 1300°F) based on the degree of cold working and time at temperature.
Hot Working
Hot working can be performed by heating the alloy to 1204-649°C (2200-1200°F).
Cold Working
Ametek 899L can be cold worked using traditional tooling.
Applications
Ametek 899L is used in the following areas:
-
Rechargeable batteries
-
Electronic parts
-
Resistance to corrosion applications such as foods and handling alkaline solutions.