Nov 20 2012
Topics Covered
Introduction
Chemical Composition
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Thermal Properties
Fabrication and Heat Treatment
Machinability
Forming
Welding
Heat Treatment
Forging
Hot Working
Cold Working
Annealing
Hardening
Applications
Introduction
Super alloys or high performance alloys have good creep and oxidation resistance. They can be sstrengthened by work hardening, precipitation hardening, and solid-solution hardening. They are available in different shapes, and can be used in environments with very high temperatures and mechanical stress, and also where high surface stability is required. Cobalt-based, nickel-based, and iron-based alloys are three types of super alloys. All of these can be used at temperatures above 540°C (1000°F).
Super alloy Monel 401™ has high contents of copper than that of super alloy Monel 400™. The following datasheet gives an overview of super alloy Monel 401™.
Chemical Composition
The following table shows the chemical composition of super alloy Monel 401™.
|
Elements |
Content (%) |
|
Copper, Cu |
54 |
|
Nickel, Ni |
40-45 |
|
Manganese, Mn |
2.25 |
|
Iron, Fe |
0.75 |
|
Silicon, Si |
0.25 |
|
Carbon, C |
0.10 |
|
Sulfur, S |
0.015 |
Physical Properties
The physical properties of super alloy Monel 401™ are highlighted in the following table.
|
Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
|
Density |
8.89 g/cm³ |
0.321 lb/in³ |
|
Melting point |
1316°C |
2400°F |
Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of super alloy Monel 401™ are outlined in the following table.
|
Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
|
Tensile strength (annealed) |
441 MPa |
64000 psi |
|
Yield strength (@ strain 0.200%, annealed) |
134 MPa |
19400 psi |
|
Elongation at break (annealed) |
51% |
51% |
Thermal Properties
The thermal properties of super alloy Monel 401™ are given in the following table.
|
Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
|
Thermal expansion co-efficient (@ 20-100°C/68-212°F) |
13.7 µm/m°C |
7.61 µin/in°F |
|
Thermal conductivity |
19.2 W/mK |
133 BTU in/hr.ft².°F |
Fabrication and Heat Treatment
Machinability
Super alloy Monel 401™ can be machined using conventional machining methods which are used for iron-based alloys. Machining operations are performed using commercial coolants. Water-base coolants are generally used for performing high-speed operations such as grinding, turning, or milling. Heavy lubricants are used for tapping, drilling, boring or broaching.
Forming
Super alloy Monel 401™ can be easily formed using all conventional techniques. Heavy-duty lubricants are used for cold forming.
Welding
Super alloy Monel 401™ is welded using gas-tungsten arc welding, submerged-arc welding, shielded metal-arc welding, and gas metal-arc welding methods.
Heat Treatment
Except for annealing, super alloy Monel 401™ does not respond to heat treatment.
Forging
Super alloy Monel 401™ has good forgeability.
Hot Working
Hot working of super alloy Monel 401™ can be done if required.
Cold Working
Super alloy Monel 401™ can be cold worked using standard tooling.
Annealing
Super alloy Monel 401™ is annealed at 760°C (1400°F) for 1 h to recover from cold work hardening.
Hardening
Super alloy Monel 401™ is hardened by cold working.
Applications
Super alloy Monel 401™ is used in bimetal contacts, wire wound resistors, and other similar applications.