Nov 16 2012
Topics Covered
Introduction
Chemical Composition
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Thermal Properties
Fabrication and Heat Treatment
Machinability
Forming
Welding
Heat Treatment
Forging
Hot Working
Cold Working
Annealing
Hardening
Applications
Introduction
Super alloys have the capacity to function in environments with very high temperatures and severe mechanical stress. They have good creep and oxidation resistance, and are available in a variety of shapes. Solid-solution hardening, work hardening, and precipitation hardening are performed for increasing the strength of the super alloys. They are broadly classified into three types such as cobalt-based, nickel-based, and iron-based alloys.
Super Alloy Monel 404™ is a copper-nickel alloy. It has low magnetic permeability and good brazing capacity. The following datasheet gives more details about super alloy Monel 404™.
Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of super alloy Monel 404™ is outlined in the following table.
|
Elements |
Content (%) |
|
Nickel, Ni |
52-57 |
|
Copper, Cu |
≤ 45.5 |
|
Iron, Fe |
≤ 0.50 |
|
Sulfur, S |
0.024 |
|
Carbon, C |
≤ 0.15 |
|
Silicon, Si |
≤ 0.10 |
|
Manganese, Mn |
≤ 0.10 |
|
Aluminum, Al |
≤ 0.050 |
Physical Properties
The following table shows the physical properties of super alloy Monel 404™.
|
Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
|
Density |
8.91 g/cm³ |
0.322 lb/in³ |
|
Melting point |
1315°C |
2400°F |
Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of super alloy Monel 404™ are outlined in the following table.
|
Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
|
Tensile strength at break (annealed) |
483 MPa |
70000 psi |
|
Tensile strength at break (stress relieved) |
655 MPa |
95000 psi |
|
Tensile strength at break (hard) |
758 MPa |
110000 psi |
|
Yield strength (annealed) |
172 MPa |
25000 psi |
|
Yield strength (stress relieved) |
517 MPa |
75000 psi |
|
Yield strength (hard) |
689 MPa |
100000 psi |
|
Elastic modulus |
169 GPa |
24500 ksi |
|
Poisson’s ratio |
0.295 |
0.295 |
Thermal Properties
The thermal properties of super alloy Monel 404™ are given in the following table.
|
Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
|
Thermal expansion co-efficient (at 21-93°C/69.8-199°F) |
13.3 µm/m°C |
7.39 µin/in°F |
Fabrication and Heat Treatment
Machinability
Super alloy Monel 404™ is machined using conventional machining methods which are used for iron-based alloys. Commercial coolants are used for performing machining operations. High-speed operations such as grinding, milling, or turning, are performed using water-based coolants. Heavy lubricants are used for tapping, drilling, boring or broaching.
Forming
Super alloy Monel 404™ can be formed using all conventional techniques.
Welding
Super alloy Monel 404™ is welded using gas-tungsten arc welding, submerged-arc welding, shielded metal-arc welding, and gas metal-arc welding methods.
Heat Treatment
Except for annealing, super alloy Monel 404™ does not respond to heat treatment
Forging
Super alloy Monel 404™ has good forgeability.
Hot Working
Super alloy Monel 404™ has good hot working capacity.
Cold Working
Super alloy Monel 404™ can be cold worked using standard tooling. Soft die materials are used for producing good finish and reduce galling problems.
Annealing
Super alloy Monel 404™ is annealed at 760°C (1400°F) for 1 hr.
Hardening
Super alloy Monel 404™ can be hardened by cold working.
Applications
Super alloy Monel 404™ is used in ceramic-to-metal sealing and capsules for transistors.