Nov 15 2012
Topics Covered
Introduction
Chemical Composition
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Thermal Properties
Other Designations
Fabrication and Heat Treatment
Machinability
Forming
Welding
Forging
Hot Working
Cold Working
Annealing
Applications
Introduction
Super alloys or high performance alloys can function in environments with very high temperatures and severe mechanical stress, and also where high surface stability is required. They have good creep and oxidation resistance. Super alloys contain many elements in a variety of combinations so as to achieve the desired result.
There are three groups of alloys, namely cobalt-base, nickel-base, and iron-base. All of these can be used at temperatures above 540°C (1000°F). Strengthening of super alloys is performed by solid-solution hardening, work hardening, and precipitation hardening methods.
Super alloy AL 201™ is a lower carbon version of commercially pure (99%) nickel. However, this alloy does contain small quantities of other elements, amounting to less than 1%.
The following datasheet will provide more details about super alloy AL 201™.
Chemical Composition
The following table shows the chemical composition of super alloy AL 201™.
|
Element |
Content (%) |
|
Nickel, Ni |
99.9 |
|
Silicon, Si |
0.05 |
|
Iron, Fe |
0.05 |
|
Manganese, Mn |
0.02 |
|
Copper, Cu |
0.02 |
|
Carbon, C |
≤ 0.020 |
|
Sulfur, S |
0.002 |
Physical Properties
The physical properties of super alloy AL 201™ are outlined in the following table.
|
Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
|
Density |
8.90 g/cm³ |
0.322 lb/in³ |
|
Melting point |
1427°C |
2600°F |
Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of super alloy AL 201™ are provided below.
|
Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
|
Tensile strength (typical annealed) |
403 MPa |
58500 psi |
|
Yield strength (at strain 0.200%, typical annealed) |
103 MPa |
14900 psi |
|
Elastic modulus |
207 GPa |
30000 ksi |
|
Shear modulus |
81 GPa |
11700 ksi |
|
Poisson’s ratio |
0.31 |
0.31 |
|
Elongation at break (typical in 2", annealed) |
50% |
50% |
|
Hardness, Rockwell B (typical annealed) |
45 |
45 |
Thermal Properties
The thermal properties of super alloy AL 201™ are given below.
|
Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
|
Thermal expansion co-efficient (at 27-93°C/80.6-199°F) |
13.3 µm/m°C |
7.39 µin/in°F |
|
Thermal conductivity (at 100°C/212°F) |
67.1 W/mK |
466 BTU in/hr.ft².°F |
Other Designations
Equivalent materials to super alloy AL 201™ are listed below:
-
AMS 5553
-
ASTM B160
-
ASTM B161
-
ASTM B162
-
ASTM B163
-
ASTM B366
-
ASTM B725
-
ASTM B730
-
DIN 2.4061
-
DIN 2.4068
Fabrication and Heat Treatment
Machinability
Super alloy AL 201™ is soft and "gummy" but can be easily machined by using the traditional methods. Machining should be performed using high-speed-steel tools.
Forming
Super alloy AL 201™ can be formed by traditional methods. It is recommended to form parts by spinning.
Welding
Super alloy AL 201™ is weldable. All the conventional methods can be used except for oxyacetylene welding.
Forging
Forging of Super alloy AL 201™ should be performed in the range of 1149 to 649°C (2100 to 1200°F).
Hot Working
Super alloy AL 201™ can be hot worked in the range of 1149 to 649°C (2100 to 1200°F).
Cold Working
Super alloy AL 201™ can be cold worked using standard tooling.
Annealing
Super alloy AL 201™ can be annealed at 899-704°C (1650-1300°F) based on the degree of cold working and time at temperature.
Applications
Super alloy AL 201™ is used in electronic components. It is also used in applications where spinning to form the product is required, and in application where chemical corrosion resistance is required e.g. caustic solutions.