Posted in | News | Materials Science

A Benzoguanamine-Based Porous Carbon Adsorbent Material

In a recent study published in the journal Carbon Capture Science & Technology, researchers from India developed a porous carbon adsorbent material with an excellent surface area and total pore volume. They characterized the prepared absorbent and demonstrated that it is a promising candidate for CO2 capture applications.

Study: Benzoguanamine based polyaminal carbon materials for CO2 capture application. Image Credit: Rost9/Shutterstock.com

Global Warming and Carbon Absorbents

The adverse effects of climate change and global warming are evident worldwide, and according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports, the world temperature will rise by 1.5 oC within the next 20 years.

Power generation, industries, and transport are the primary sources of greenhouse emissions due to the combustion of fossil fuels. Hence, the global society is shifting towards renewable sources and gas separation technologies to decrease carbon emissions. Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture technologies are gas separation technologies that can help control emissions of CO2, which is a major greenhouse gas.

The schematic representation of P-BA preparation.

The schematic representation of P-BA preparation. Image Credit: Marimuthu S et al., Carbon Capture Science & Technology

The conventional solvent-based carbon capture technology is efficient and is based upon the principle that the amine group is more active towards CO2 and the CO2 chemically reacts with the amine group. The major limitation of this technique is the high energy requirement for solvent regeneration because it forms carbamates by chemical bonding between the amine group and CO2 molecule.

In this study, researchers prepared porous carbon materials using benzoguanamine-based polyamine polymer with good surface area and CO2 capture capacity including and excluding an activating agent potassium hydroxide (KOH) at 700 ⁰C.

FT-IR spectra (a), powder-XRD patterns (b) and high resolution XPS spectra (N 1s) of P-BA (c), P-BA-7a (d) and P-BA-7b (e).

FT-IR spectra (a), powder-XRD patterns (b) and high resolution XPS spectra (N 1s) of P-BA (c), P-BA-7a (d) and P-BA-7b (e). Image Credit: Marimuthu S et al., Carbon Capture Science & Technology

The Study

Primary chemicals that were used in this work to prepare the benzoguanamine-based porous carbon adsorbent are benzoguanamine terephthaldehyde, acetone, dichloromethane (DCM), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and N, N’-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and methanol.

Using 0.5 g of benzoguanamine and a 2-mole ratio of terephthalaldehyde in 25 ml of DMSO, a compound (named P-BA by authors) was prepared. The two chemicals were heated at 80 ⁰C for 30 minutes, followed by an increase in temperature to 180 ⁰C for three days under inert conditions (N2 atmosphere). The formed solid product was filtered and washed with solvents and extraction using the Soxhlet apparatus.

Further, two carbonized samples were prepared using P-BA. The first sample was produced using a Tobler furnace in an inert (N2) atmosphere. The second sample was prepared using KOH, ethanol, and water, which were stirred for two hours, dried under vacuum, and then carbonized at 700 ⁰C for one hour at a heating rate of 3 ⁰C /min under N2 atmosphere. Post carbonization, both samples were washed with HCl (3 M) several times to remove KOH and dried at 120 ⁰C for 12 h.

SEM images of P-BA (a), P-BA-7a (b) and P-BA-7b (c) and TGA profile of P-BA (d) (room temperature to 1000 ?).

SEM images of P-BA (a), P-BA-7a (b) and P-BA-7b (c) and TGA profile of P-BA (d) (room temperature to 1000 ℃). Image Credit: Marimuthu S et al., Carbon Capture Science & Technology

Results

The FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis identified the functional groups present in the polymer. The results indicated the formation of the aminal linkage between benzoguanamine and terephthaldehyde. The polymer and prepared carbonized materials were characterized using XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) to detect carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms.

The three types of nitrogen (pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N, and quaternary amine-N) groups play a significant role in the CO2 capture process due to the lone pair of electrons identified.

Morphology studies conducted using HR-SEM (high-resolution scanning electron microscopy) analysis indicated that KOH plays a role in forming uniform pore size, which is beneficial for a higher CO2 capture capability. The physical interaction and spontaneity of adsorbent and CO2 were evaluated using Van’t Hoff and Clausius–Clapeyron equations.

The high surface area and microporous nature of prepared materials were studied by CO2, CH4, and N2 gas uptake methods at different temperatures and further analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The results revealed the physisorption of the adsorption process and exposed the heterogeneous nature of the adsorbent.

Overall, these results confirmed the exothermic nature and physisorption of the CO2 adsorption process of benzoguanamine-based porous carbon adsorbent materials.

CH4 (a) N2 uptake data P-BA, P-BA-7a and P-BA-7b at 273 K and 298 K.

CH4 (a) N2 uptake data P-BA, P-BA-7a and P-BA-7b at 273 K and 298 K. Image Credit: Marimuthu S et al., Carbon Capture Science & Technology

Conclusions

In the study, microporous carbonized materials were successfully prepared using polyaminals. FT-IR was used to characterize the functional group of the materials. The TGA (thermogravimetric analysis results suggest the microporous carbonized materials are more stable up to 700 ⁰C (39% residual carbon).

The incremental in N2 sorption studies and HR-SEM analysis confirmed the microporous nature of carbonized materials. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich models revealed the physisorption interaction of CO2 molecules with an adsorbent and gas adsorption studies showed that the porous material prepared in the study can be good candidates for CO2 capture applications.

Disclaimer: The views expressed here are those of the author expressed in their private capacity and do not necessarily represent the views of AZoM.com Limited T/A AZoNetwork the owner and operator of this website. This disclaimer forms part of the Terms and conditions of use of this website.

Source:

Marimuthu Senthilkumaran, Chokalingam Saravanan, Karuppannan Aravinth, Venkatesan Sethuraman, Pillaiyar Puthiaraj, Paulpandian Muthu Mareeswaran, Perumal Ramasamy, Benzoguanamine based polyaminal carbon materials for CO2 capture application, Carbon Capture Science & Technology (2021), DOI: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277265682100021X?via%3Dihub

Chinmay Saraf

Written by

Chinmay Saraf

Chinmay Saraf is a science writer based in Indore, India. His academic background is in mechanical engineering, and he has extensive experience in fused deposition-based additive manufacturing. His research focuses on post-processing methods for fused deposition modeling to improve mechanical and electrical properties of 3D printed parts. He has also worked on composite 3D printing, bioprinting, and food printing technologies. Chinmay holds an M.Tech. in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing and is passionate about 3D printing, new product development, material science, and sustainability. He also has a keen interest in "Frugal Designs" to improve the existing engineering systems.  

Citations

Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:

  • APA

    Saraf, Chinmay. (2021, December 08). A Benzoguanamine-Based Porous Carbon Adsorbent Material. AZoM. Retrieved on October 07, 2024 from https://www.azom.com/news.aspx?newsID=57619.

  • MLA

    Saraf, Chinmay. "A Benzoguanamine-Based Porous Carbon Adsorbent Material". AZoM. 07 October 2024. <https://www.azom.com/news.aspx?newsID=57619>.

  • Chicago

    Saraf, Chinmay. "A Benzoguanamine-Based Porous Carbon Adsorbent Material". AZoM. https://www.azom.com/news.aspx?newsID=57619. (accessed October 07, 2024).

  • Harvard

    Saraf, Chinmay. 2021. A Benzoguanamine-Based Porous Carbon Adsorbent Material. AZoM, viewed 07 October 2024, https://www.azom.com/news.aspx?newsID=57619.

Tell Us What You Think

Do you have a review, update or anything you would like to add to this news story?

Leave your feedback
Your comment type
Submit

While we only use edited and approved content for Azthena answers, it may on occasions provide incorrect responses. Please confirm any data provided with the related suppliers or authors. We do not provide medical advice, if you search for medical information you must always consult a medical professional before acting on any information provided.

Your questions, but not your email details will be shared with OpenAI and retained for 30 days in accordance with their privacy principles.

Please do not ask questions that use sensitive or confidential information.

Read the full Terms & Conditions.