A team of researchers led by the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) developed a powerful new approach that enabled them to directly observe how electrons interact with defects in advanced semiconductor devices with an unprecedented level of detail.
Professor Do Hyun Ryu's research team in the Department of Chemistry at Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) has developed two new asymmetric catalytic methods for the precise synthesis of complex molecules using chiral organic catalysts. The team demonstrated that a single catalyst can promote two different carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions with high selectivity.
A Defense Technology review examines how tunable plasma layers could absorb, reflect, refract, and scatter radar signals to reduce the radar cross-section of aircraft and other military platforms. The authors assess plasma-generation methods, hybrid stealth systems, and the substantial challenges in power, stability, communication, and integration that still separate laboratory research from operational use.
A review of durable superhydrophobic materials reframes surface design around three dominant failure modes: structural degradation, loss of low-surface-energy chemistry, and coating-substrate interfacial failure. The authors connect fabrication choices with failure-matched testing and examine fluorine-free chemistries, protected architectures, self-healing systems, and interface engineering as routes toward longer service life in demanding environments.
Researchers developed an AI-assisted computational pipeline that combines symmetry-guided screening, machine learning, and density functional theory to search for altermagnetic metal-organic frameworks. The approach also identified molecular features associated with altermagnetism and spin splitting, providing design rules for selecting future candidates for computational and experimental study.
Because many natural and industrial processes rely on the transport of bubbles and droplets through fluids, the behavior of ordinary air bubbles and water droplets has been well documented.
A review of rare earth element-containing materials finds that cerium, lanthanum, and other REEs can improve redox behavior, oxygen mobility, electrochemical activity, charge separation, hydrogen storage, and membrane performance across several hydrogen-production technologies. Most advances remain at laboratory scale, with wider deployment dependent on cost, resource availability, extraction impacts, long-term stability, recycling, and techno-economic feasibility.
Aerogels are often described as 'frozen smoke' because these extremely light materials are composed mostly of air
Researchers characterized four commercial blue pigments with three conservation binders using thermal analysis, ATR-FTIR, SEM-EDS, and microscopy, revealing marked differences in thermal behavior and predominantly non-homogeneous pigment-binder mixtures. Most notably, a commercial manganese blue contained no detectable manganese, while 11 of 12 pigment-binder combinations showed non-uniform behavior, highlighting the value of verifying material composition and compatibility before conservation use.
Rare-earth oxides such as cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, and yttrium oxide can improve laser-cladded metal coatings by refining grains, purifying the molten pool, strengthening interfaces, and altering solidification behavior. The review finds that these effects can increase hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and crack resistance, although performance depends strongly on additive concentration, particle size, alloy system, and processing conditions.
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