He added that, unlike conventional batteries, the 3D structure is capable of storing more energy in a small space.
"Three-dimensional, porous materials have been regarded as an obstacle to building electrodes. But we have proven that this is not a problem. In fact, this type of structure and material architecture allows flexibility and freedom in the design of batteries," Hamedi said.
The method involves breaking down tree fibers and making them as many as one million times thinner. The nanocellulose is dissolved, frozen and freeze-dried such that the moisture escapes without experiencing a liquid state. Following this, the molecules in the material are stabilized to prevent material collapse.
"The result is a material that is both strong, light and soft. The material resembles foam in a mattress, though it is a little harder, lighter and more porous. You can touch it without it breaking," Hamedi said.
The final aerogel product can be processed with electronic properties. "We use a very precise technique, verging on the atomic level, which adds ink that conducts electricity within the aerogel. You can coat the entire surface within," he stated.
The material can be compared to a pair of human lungs in terms of surface area. The human lung can be spread over a wider area if unfolded. Similarly, a single cubic decimeter of aerogel material could cover a huge area.
"You can press it as much as you want. While flexible and stretchable electronics already exist, the insensitivity to shock and impact are somewhat new," Hamedi said.
The aerogel batteries could find potential applications in electric car bodies and in clothing with a lining.
The study was carried out at the Wallenberg Wood Science Center at KTH. The research is based on the previous work of KTH Professor Lars Wågberg on aerogels. As well as Lars Wågberg, Professor Yi Cui from Stanford University was also involved in the project.